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Navigation:: Home >> Electronics tutorials >> Cellular telecoms >> this page 3GPP / 3G LTE Tutorial - Long Term Evolution- information, overview, or tutorial about the basics of the 3GPP / 3G LTE, the long term evolution plans for the next generation of cellular telecommunications servicesThis LTE tutorial is split into several pages dealing which address the different topics: [1] 3G LTE Tutorial Introduction Further tutorial pages are in preparation With services such as WiMAX offering very high data speeds, work on developing the next generation of cellular technology has started. The UMTS cellular technology upgrade has been dubbed LTE - Long Term Evolution. The idea is that 3G LTE will enable much higher speeds to be achieved along with much lower packet latency (a growing requirement for many services these days), and that 3GPP LTE will enable cellular communications services to move forward to meet the needs for cellular technology to 2017 and well beyond. HSPA (High Speed Packet Access), a combination of HSDPA and HSUPA, and HSPA+ are now being deployed, the 3G LTE development is being dubbed 3.99G as it is not a full 4G standard, although in reality there are many similarities with the cellular technologies being touted for the use of 4G. However, regardless of the terminology, it is certain that 3G LTE will offer significant improvements in performance over the existing 3G standards. Many operators have not yet upgraded their basic 3G networks, and 3GPP LTE is seen as the next logical step for many operators, who will leapfrog straight from basic 3G straight to LTE as this will avoid providing several stages of upgrade. The use of LTE will also provide the data capabilities that will be required for many years and until the full launch of the full 4G standards known as LTE Advanced. 3G LTE beginnings3GPP, the Third Generation Partnership Project that oversaw the development of the UMTS 3G system started the work on the evolution of the 3G cellular technology with a workshop that was held in Toronto Canada in November 2004. The work on 3G LTE started with a feasibility study started in December 2004, which was finalised for inclusion on 3GPP release 7. LTE core specifications were then included in release 8. The workshop set down a number of high level requirements for 3G LTE:
In terms of actual figures, targets for LTE included download rates of 100Mbps, and upload rates of 50Mbps for every 20MHz of spectrum. In addition to this LTE was required to support at least 200 active users in every 5MHz cell. (i.e. 200 active phone calls). Targets have also been set for the latency in IP packet delivery. With the growing use of services including VoIP, gaming and many other applications where latency is of concern, figures need to be set for this. As a result a figure of sub-10ms latency for small IP packets has been set. 3G LTE evolutionAlthough there are major step changes between LTE and its 3P predecessors, it is nevertheless looked upon as an evolution of the UMTS / 3GPP 3G standards. Although it uses a different form of radio interface, using OFDMA / SC-FDMA instead of CDMA, there are many similarities with the earlier forms of 3G architecture and there is scope for much re-use. LTE can be seen for provide a further evolution of functionality, increased speeds and general improved performance.
In addition to this, LTE is an all IP based network, supporting both IPv4 and IPv6. There is also no basic provision for voice, although this can be carried as VoIP. 3G LTE technologiesLTE has introduced a number of new technologies when compared to the previous cellular systems. They enable LTE to be able to operate more efficiently with respect to the use of spectrum, and also to provide the much higher data rates that are being required.
These technologies are addressed in much greater detail in the following pages of this tutorial. 3G LTE specification overviewIt is worth summarizing the key parameters of the 3G LTE specification. In view of the fact that there are a number of differences between the operation of the uplink and downlink, these naturally differ in the performance they can offer.
These LTE highlight specifications give an overall view of the performance that LTE will offer. It meets the requirements of industry for high data download speeds as well as reduced latency - a factor important for many applications from VoIP to gaming and interactive use of data. It also provides significant improvements in the use of the available spectrum. 3G LTE summaryThe basic work on 3G LTE has now been completed by 3GPP, although the initial drafts were released in September 2007 and the parallel work on the infrastructure technology known as LTE System Architecture Evolution (SAE) followed shortly afterwards. In terms of the deployments of real systems some anticipate that the first deployments may be seen in 2010 although one of the main problems will be the user equipment. Initially these are likely to consist of broadband "dongles" for use with laptops with other mobiles appearing later. Further pages from this tutorial
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